Download Ecology and Behaviour of the African Buffalo: Social by H. H. T. Prins (auth.) PDF
By H. H. T. Prins (auth.)
Over the earlier 30 years or so, study attempt in behaviour and ecology has improved from uncomplicated documentation of the conduct or habitats of range ent species to asking extra looking out questions about the adaptiveness of the styles of behaviour saw; moved from documenting easily what happens, to attempting to comprehend why. more and more, experiences of behav iour or ecology discover the functionality of specific responses or styles of behaviour in contributors or populations - searching for the adaptiveness that has ended in the adoption of such styles both at a proximate point (what environmental conditions have favoured the adoption of a few specific approach or reaction from in the animal's repertoire at that categorical time) or at an evolutionary point (speculating upon what pres sures have ended in the inclusion of a selected trend of behaviour in the repertoire within the first place). Many universal ideas were tested - universal to a large variety of animal teams, but exhibiting a few special courting among a given element of behaviour or inhabitants dynamics and a few specific ecological issue. specifically, great advances were made in realizing the foraging behaviour of animals - and the 'decision principles' during which they search and choose from some of the assets on provide - and styles of social association and behavior: the adap tiveness of other social constructions, workforce sizes or reproductive tactics.
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Extra resources for Ecology and Behaviour of the African Buffalo: Social inequality and decision making
Sample text
1984). First, despite a huge choice of plants (hundreds of browse species and 92 Gramineae and Cyperaceae species in Manyara; Greenway and Vesey-fitzGerald 1969, 1972, Loth and Prins 1986) only a few species make up the major portion of the diet. Secondly, on a year-round basis, perennial grasses form the mainstay of the diet. 4). These features undoubtedly hold for the majority of grass-dependent herbivores. Analysis of buffalo dung shows that Cynodon dactylon is the most important food species of Manyara buffalo, but in the long rainy season Cynodon plectostachyus becomes equally important.
The finegrained landscape of Manyara (Chapter 1) unlike the Serengeti with its much coarser pattern of sublandscapes lends itself to the provision of a balanced diet for buffalo. Again, research on cattle indicates why such a balanced diet would be advantageous to buffalo. Garrett (1970) reported that beef cattle fed diets containing about 21 % crude protein required 20% more feed to maintain energy equilibrium than did those fed diets containing 12% crude protein (d. 1). The cause of this difference is that the energetic cost of metabolizing amino acids ingested in excess of the protein requirements is high (Reid 1974).
Oct. 5 Seasonal occupancy of grazing grounds by buffalo of the Central Herd of Manyara. Landscape ecological units: AI, areas with upwelling groundwater with the sedge Cyperus laevigatus; A2, lake shore grasslands dominated by the grass Sporobolus spicatus; A3, riverine grasslands dominated by the grass Cynodon dactylon; F, terrace grasslands dominated by the grass Sporobolus pyramidalis; GI and G2, different types of glades dominated by, respectively, C. dactylon and Chloris gayana grass; P, plateau grasslands dominated by Sporobolus pyramidalis; R, riverine bushlands; W, Acacia tortilis woodlands.