Download Elementary Linear Algebra [Lecture notes] by Kenneth L. Kuttler PDF

By Kenneth L. Kuttler

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Therefore, x· [a× (b + c) − (a × b + a × c)] = 0 for all x. In particular, this holds for x = a× (b + c) − (a × b + a × c) showing that a× (b + c) = a × b + a × c and this proves the distributive law for the cross product another way. 14 Suppose you have three vectors, u = (a, b, c) , v = (d, e, f ) , and w = (g, h, i) . Then u · v × w is given by the following. u · v × w = (a, b, c) · i j k d e f g h i =  =a e f h i −b d g f i +c d e g h a  ≡ det  d g  b c  e f . h i The message is that to take the box product, you can simply take the determinant of the matrix which results by letting the rows be the rectangular components of the given vectors in the order in which they occur in the box product.

In terms of ordered pairs, this line can be written as (x, y) = (0, 1) + t (1, 2) , t ∈ R. It is the same in Rn . A parametric line is of the form x = a + tv, t ∈ R. You can see this deserves to be called a line because if you find the vector determined by two points a + t1 v and a + t2 v, this vector is a + t2 v− (a + t1 v) = (t2 − t1 ) v which is parallel to the vector v. Thus the vector between any two points on this line is always parallel to v which is called the direction vector. There are two things you need for a line.

19) follows immediately from the definition. The vectors a × b and b × a have the same magnitude, |a| |b| sin θ, and an application of the right hand rule shows they have opposite direction. 20) is also fairly clear. If α is a nonnegative scalar, the direction of (αa) ×b is the same as the direction of a × b,α (a × b) and a× (αb) while the magnitude is just α times the magnitude of a × b which is the same as the magnitude of α (a × b) and a× (αb) . 20). In the case where α < 0, everything works the same way except the vectors are all pointing in the opposite direction and you must multiply by |α| when comparing their magnitudes.

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