Download Essays on Spinoza's ethical theory by Matthew J. Kisner, Andrew Youpa PDF
By Matthew J. Kisner, Andrew Youpa
13 unique essays by way of best students discover points of Spinoza's moral idea and, in doing so, deepen our knowing of the richly lucrative center of his system.
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The mind is able to redirect and reorder the order of bodily states, using its innate contents as the axis on which such reordering is leveraged. Its innate contents are also the axis on which it leverages increases in its consciousness of its eternal existence. Koistinen’s essay thus reveals a key thread that ties the philosophy of mind presented in Part 2 of the Ethics to the theory of motivation in Part 3, and how these in turn tie together the theories of freedom and salvation in Parts 4 and 5.
That is, it is the sort of knowledge that Aquinas took beatitude to consist in. At this level, Spinoza’s position is in line with the way medieval theologians understood the visio dei. Now, Spinoza’s conception differs from Aquinas’s in other ways. One important difference is that Spinoza does not think the special cognition of God is reserved for an afterlife. This is a development that begins with Descartes. Descartes, as is perhaps implicit in his embracement of the ontological argument, holds that we already, in this life, have significant purchase on God’s essence.
12 It is worth taking a moment to understand why. In Aristotelian metaphysics the primary things that populate the universe are individuals like trees, cats, and human beings: for an Aristotelian, these all count as natural substances. A natural substance is endowed with various internal principles for motion and rest: a natural substance is intrinsically possessed of various powers and abilities. A tree grows and reproduces. A cat prowls and hears. A human being speaks, understands, and plans.