Download Essentials of Ecology , Fifth Edition by George Tyler Miller, Scott E. Spoolman PDF
By George Tyler Miller, Scott E. Spoolman
G. Tyler Miller's around the globe bestsellers have developed correct besides the altering wishes of the varied scholar inhabitants. concentrated in particular on energizing and fascinating fabrics for college students, Miller and new coauthor Scott Spoolman were at paintings scrutinizing each line--enhancing, clarifying, and streamlining to minimize notice density in addition to updating with the very most recent environmental information and study. The ensuing texts are shorter, clearer, and so enticing that scholars will really are looking to learn the assignments. the perfect substitute to ecology texts that have a tendency to be too tricky for non-majors, this succinct 11-chapter, full-color textbook covers medical ideas and ideas, ecosystems, evolution, biodiversity, inhabitants ecology, and extra.
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Extra info for Essentials of Ecology , Fifth Edition
Example text
Many common property and open access renewable resources have been degraded. In 1968, biologist Garrett Hardin (1915–2003) called such degradation the tragedy of the commons. It occurs because each user of a shared common resource or open-access resource reasons, “If I do not use this resource, someone else will. ” When the number of users is small, this logic works. Eventually, however, the cumulative effect of many people trying to exploit a shared resource can exhaust or ruin it. Then no one can benefit from it.
Until about 12,000 years ago, we were mostly hunter–gatherers who obtained food by hunting wild animals or scavenging their remains and gathering wild plants. Early hunter– gathers lived in small groups and moved as needed to find enough food for survival. 1-4 Since then, three major cultural changes have occurred. First was the agricultural revolution, which began 10,000–12,000 years ago when humans learned how to grow and breed plants and animals for food, clothing, and other purposes. Second was the industrial–medical revolution, beginning about 275 years ago when people invented machines for the large-scale production of goods in factories.
If the current exponential growth in the use of renewable resources continues, the Global Footprint Network estimates that by 2050 humanity will be trying to use twice as many renewable resources as the planet can supply (Figure 1-10, bottom) (Concept 1-3). See Figure 3 on p. S24 and Figure 5 on pp. S27 in Supplement 4 for maps of the human ecological footprints for the world and the United States, and Figure 4 on p. S26 for a map of countries that are ecological debtors and those that are ecological creditors.