Download Field Guide to Diffractive Optics (SPIE Field Guide Vol. by Yakov Soskind PDF
By Yakov Soskind
Fresh developments in microfabrication applied sciences and the improvement of strong simulation instruments have resulted in an important growth of diffractive optics and diffractive optical elements. software builders can make a choice from a extensive variety of diffractive optics parts to counterpoint refractive and reflective parts achieve a wanted regulate of the optical box. This Field Guide offers the operational ideas and tested terminology of diffractive optics in addition to a entire assessment of the most different types of diffractive optics elements. An emphasis is put on the qualitative rationalization of the diffraction phenomenon by way of box distributions and graphs, delivering the foundation for realizing the basic family and demanding tendencies.
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Extra resources for Field Guide to Diffractive Optics (SPIE Field Guide Vol. FG21)
Example text
They are well suited for fabrication using well-established lithographic techniques. Lamellar grating structures often have ridges that are comparable with the operational wavelength λ and are therefore designed using rigorous diffraction techniques. Sinusoidal grating profiles are usually etched into the substrate after being exposed to a pattern produced by twobeam interference. Field Guide to Diffractive Optics 40 Diffractive Components GRISM Elements The term GRISM refers to an integrated optical component that combines a diffraction grating and a prism in a single element.
Field Guide to Diffractive Optics 18 Fraunhofer Diffraction Rectangular and Diamond-Shaped Apertures The lateral size of the far-field diffraction pattern is inversely proportional to the size of the near-field distribution. A diffraction pattern produced in the focal plane of a lens by a rectangular aperture with lateral dimensions a and b is defined as U (x2 , y2 , f ) = (ab)2 sinc2 i ka y2 kax2 sinc2 i 2f 2f Radiation in the Fraunhofer pattern is spread in directions normal to the edges of the near-field apertures, as shown in the following graphs: Field Guide to Diffractive Optics Apodized Apertures 19 Apodized Apertures Diffraction on a finite-sized aperture causes a fraction of the propagating energy to spread outside the central core of the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern into the outside rings or nodes.
An increase in the serration depth leads to a significant reduction of light diffracted outside the central core. At the same time, the increase in the serration depth causes an increase in the diameter of the central core in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. Field Guide to Diffractive Optics 24 Diffraction by Multiple Apertures Diffraction by Multiple Apertures Far-field patterns produced by diffraction on multiple apertures depend on the size, shape, and quantity of the apertures. Fraunhofer diffraction by multiple rectangular slits Field Guide to Diffractive Optics Diffraction by Multiple Apertures 25 Effects of Aperture Spacing Effects of aperture spacing between multiple apertures are illustrated by observing diffraction on five identical rectangular apertures with width w and height h.