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By M. Robinson
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Extra resources for From Moorland to Forest: the Coalburn Catchment
Sample text
2 site and from 9 m to 11 m at the seconcl site, thus providing information on losses from trees over a total range of heights of 7-11 m. Interception losses may be expected to increase with tree growth since the trees extend horizontally towards each othier, reducing the direct throughfall through gaps in the canopy; the canopy density and vertical thickness also increase, and the forest aerodynamic roughness becomes larger with tree height. e. water retainecl on the forest canopy and evaporated, is the principal reason for its greater water use than shorter vegetation (Calder, 1979).
75-1 m year'-, and there is no indication that they are 'checked'. The transpiration of a whole tree may be mc:asured as sap flow movement up the tree stem (Smith and Allen, 1996). One technique for measuring this is the heat pulse velocity method. An extremely fine heating clement is inserted into a hole drilled in the sapwood. with he:lat sensing probes inserted above (downstream) and below (upstrea:m). An electric current is briefly applied to the heater and the time taken for a corresponding temperature pulse to reach the upper probe yields an estimlate of the sap flow velocity.
Longer periodcs were used fobr this comparison than for water yields and low flows, due to the much greater year-to-year variability in peak flows. 5 m' s' was counted (Table 7). Following the drainage. there was an apparent increase in the number of stormflow peaks, particularly the 'smaller' ones. , 1989). There was no change in the seasonal occurrence of storm peaks, withl approximately 70% falling in winter montlhs (October-March). with sediment and vegetation, and to the growth of the tree crop.