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By R. Beck, P.P. Kronberg, R. Wielebinski
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Example text
1993). In 1995 the group of Matsunaga (Kawaguchi et al. 1995) reported the comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis of a sulfate-reducing MTB pure culture, RS-1, originally described in 1993 (Sakaguchi et al. 1993). This isolate affiliates with the genus Desulfovibrio of the Deltaproteobacteria. It was accordingly named as Desulfovibrio magneticus strain RS-1 and represented the first bacterium outside the Alphaproteobacteria that contains magnetite inclusions (Sakaguchi et al. 1993, 2002). It therefore disrupts the correlation between the alpha and deltaproteobacterial magnetotactic bacteria and iron oxide (magnetite) and iron sulfide (greigite) magnetosomes, respectively, suggested by DeLong and coworkers (DeLong et al.
2 General Ecology of Magnetotactic Bacteria Magnetotactic bacteria are common in water columns or sediments with vertical chemical stratification. , 104 cells/ml) at the oxic–anoxic interface (OAI) and the anoxic regions of the habitat or both (Bazylinski et al. 1995; Bazylinski and Moskowitz 1997; Simmons et al. 2004; for more details see also chapter by Simmons and Edwards, this volume). In freshwater systems where the sulfate concentration is very low or zero, the OAI is generally located at the water–sediment interface or several millimeters below it.
In general, relatively low concentrations of nutrients appear more favorable for the isolation of magnetotactic bacteria compared to rich media with higher concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources. Although some species, including Desulfovibrio magneticus strain RS-1 and perhaps the greigite-producers, are obligate anaerobes, most magnetotactic bacteria tolerate short exposures to O2 during enrichment and inoculation, making the strict exclusion of O2 during cell manipulations unnecessary.