Download Global Agro-Food Trade and Standards: Challenges for Africa by Peter Gibbon, Evelyne Lazaro, Stefano Ponte PDF
By Peter Gibbon, Evelyne Lazaro, Stefano Ponte
This assortment specializes in new generations of overseas criteria and rules within the agro-food zone and on concerns in relation to conformity to them in low-income nations. Its analyses draw of political economic climate, economics, monetary geography and fiscal sociology.
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Extra resources for Global Agro-Food Trade and Standards: Challenges for Africa (International Political Economy)
Example text
These chapters ask to what extent, in the wake of the application of new generations of standards, participation by small producers has increased, remained the same or been reduced – and for what reasons. In reviewing these issues, these chapters also describe the consequences of donor-driven initiatives to promote inclusiveness. While Lazaro et al. (Chapter 6) provide a mainly qualitative analysis of welfare outcomes of participation in certain standards-heavy chains, Gibbon et al. (Chapter 4) and Kadigi et al.
But they require annual inspection of all farms only by trained internal inspectors. Certification is based on an evaluation of the records of the internal control system and on external inspection of a sample of scheme members, with the sample size subject to modification in line with certification bodies’ assessment of the system’s risk level. ICSs thus entail an elaborate internal management system but reduce unit costs of external certification by up to 90 per cent. Most other sustainability and ethical standards applied in developing countries have developed similar arrangements or are in the process of doing so.
Chapter 9) also take up the issue of the inter-relation between different standards, but in terms of the capacity of standards in one area (environment) to amplify or mitigate outcomes provoked by successful conformity to standards in another area (food safety). Trends in the content of standards and standards-based regulation are examined in detail by Broberg (Chapter 10) in relation to the new EU food safety regime as they are by Bolwig and Gibbon (Chapter 2) in respect of product carbon footprinting standards.