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By Lon Abbott, Terry Cook
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TOC with exact web page numbers at the first *and* final web page of the PDF. Searchable text.
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The merely consultant to the Grand Canyon that mixes mountain climbing and geology—unlocking the mysteries of the panorama, step by way of step.
· latest addition to the preferred climbing Geology sequence
· Appendices conceal extra geologic details for the non-geologist
· every thing had to plan the journey, together with allows, accommodation and tenting, mule rides, and steered day trips
Etched at the Grand Canyon’s steep partitions are tales of the way this majestic panorama got here to be: volcanic islands, stark deserts, and tranquil seas come and long gone, and histories of crops and animals that experience made this position their domestic. You’ll learn this tale up shut at the path with the aid of mountaineering the Grand Canyon’s Geology. In 18 tours, there’s whatever for everybody: from the most well-liked rim-to-river trails (Havasu Canyon path) to light, half-day rim walks (Red Butte path) to rugged and distant, multi-day backpack journeys (Lava Falls Route).
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Extra info for Hiking the Grand Canyon's Geology
Example text
A particularly im pressive display lies along the Deer Creek 'Itail (Hike 1 7, Photo 86). MiiliptiHBetzlltM As the ancestral Pacific crept eastward, the locations where sand, mud, and calcite were deposited shifted with it, in the process stacking muds of the Bright Angel Shale on top of Tilpeats sand, and Muav Limestone on top of the shale (Figure 1 2) . Such a rise in sea level is known by geologists as a transgression, and the stacking of the Cambrian Thpeats, Bright Angel, and Muav layers vis ible in the Canyon's walls today is considered one of the world's best records of such an event.
Based on evidence found in Ordovician and Silurian rocks ex posed in adjacent states, geologists think that sediment probably continued to accumulate in a shallow ocean-to-shoreline setting during most of this time. A drop in sea level during the late Silurian or early Devonian probably exposed these soft sediments to erosion before they had a chance to consolidate, thus removing all traces of them. THE TEMPLE BUTTE LIMESIDNE : ANCIENT TIDAL FLATS We pick up the story's thread again in the Devonian Period with the forma tion of the Temple Butte Limestone (Photo 11 ) .
E I, lan&J in -�ji)• J;' �}) I I a. I I Sediment ;- ; ' / / f j I 'Itansgressive sequence age Time 1 Youngest f Oldest --- b. ; ·· Seafloor surface Muav Limestone Bright Angel Shale Thpeats Sandstone �---------- Time 2 Time 3 Youngest _______.. shoreline Oldest --shoreline J Figure 1 2. A transgression (rising) of sea level formed the 'Ibnto Group. a. Sand was deposited near shore, with mud and shell fragments deposited farther offshore. b. As the sea level rose, first mud (Bright Angel Shale) and then shell fragments (Muav Limestone) were deposited over the nearshore sands (Tapeats Sandstone).