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By Amir Idris (auth.)
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Additional info for Identity, Citizenship, and Violence in Two Sudans: Reimagining a Common Future
Sample text
33 This political reality led to the formation of dual identity for African elites which Ekeh names as civic and primordial publics. 34 The native speaks the language of tradition and customs; the citizen speaks the language of rights, duties, and privileges. These political and historical processes came to define the manner in which the notion of citizenship in turn was defined in postcolonial Africa. The colonial political regime in Africa was constructed on the principle of dualism, of institutional and territorial segregation, and laws that Mamdani described as a “bifurcated state” or the principle of decentralized despotism.
Islam as a religion did not save many Muslims from the bondage of slavery and slave trade. The driving force behind the enslavement in the initial process of forming these kingdoms was the securing of economic and political powers through the use of slaves for the army and labor. The consolidation of the kingdoms’ political and economic power required access to sources of revenues. In turn, these initial relationships between the ruling elites, the subjects, and slaves, which were based on subordination, came to define the ideological and political foundation of the state formation in Sudan.
It attempts to shift the discussion from one of race and ethnicity to a new discourse which strives to bring history and politics into the analysis of the underlying causes of the problem. It does so by highlighting the significance of the legacies of British colonialism and local slavery. At the core of its analysis is the relationship between the process of state formation and political identities. It does not take for example, “African” and “Arab” for granted; rather, it problematizes them. In other words, this emerging scholarship is concerned with the intersections of state, identity, and political violence in the postcolonial period.