Download IESNA Lighting Handbook 9th Ed. by Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, Mark PDF

By Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, Mark Stanley Rea

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All phototubes have highly selective spectral response characteristics. Depending on the photoemissive cathode material used, a phototube can be used for UV, visible, or near-IR measurement; however, a single phototube cannot cover this entire spectral range. Figure 2-5. The relative spectral sensitivity of selenium and silicon photovoltaic cells, the spectral distribution of tungsten radiation at 2856 K, and the spectral sensitivities assigned to the photopic standard observer. From A. Stimson, Photometry and radiometry for engineers.

Diffuse Transmission. Diffusing materials scatter light in all directions, as shown in Figure 1-37c. White, opal, and prismatic plastics and glass are widely used where uniform brightness is desired. Mixed Transmission. Mixed transmission is a result of a spectrally selective diffusion characteristic exhibited by certain materials such as fine opal glass, which permits the regular transmission of certain colors (wavelengths) while diffusing other wavelengths. This characteristic in glass varies greatly, depending on such factors as its heat treatment, composition, thickness, and the wavelengths of the incident light.

For this one surface, however, only 15% of the incident horizontal component is reflected. The light transmitted through a plate at this angle is made up of the remaining portion of the horizontal component and all the vertical component of the original beam. The resulting light is partially polarized (Figure 1-40). As additional glass plates are added to the system, more and more of the horizontal component is reflected and the transmitted light is more completely vertically polarized. A stack of glass plates, as shown in Figure 1-41, thus becomes a method of producing polarization, and the polarizing effect is greatest at Brewster's angle.

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