Download Introduction to Radiological Physics Radiation Dosimetry by Frank Herbert Attix PDF
By Frank Herbert Attix
A simple presentation of the large recommendations underlying radiological physics and radiation dosimetry for the graduate-level scholar. Covers photon and neutron attenuation, radiation and charged particle equilibrium, interactions of photons and charged debris with topic, radiotherapy dosimetry, in addition to photographic, calorimetric, chemical, and thermoluminescence dosimetry. comprises many new derivations, similar to Kramers X-ray spectrum, in addition to themes that experience no longer been completely analyzed in different texts, resembling broad-beam attenuation and geometrics, and the reciprocity theorem. topics are layed out in a logical series, making the themes more straightforward for college kids to keep on with. Supplemented with a number of diagrams and tables.
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Extra info for Introduction to Radiological Physics Radiation Dosimetry
Example text
Thus it is apparent that if Q has a value of, say, 5, then a point in the body where the dose is 1 Gy = 1J/kg would also have a dose equivalent of 5 Sv = 5 J/kg. This has the appearance of a paradox, since 1J/kg # VI . QUANTITIES AND UNITS FOR USE IN RADIATION PROTECTION I 1 I I I I l l I 20 . - 10 0 - v - a - 5 - - - i 5 J/kg. However, the situation is one in which two d i f f m t quantities ( D and H) are stated in terms of the same units. A similar case would be that of a room having a width of 3 meters and h g t h of 5 meters.
4. Isotropic radiation field expressed in terms of its flux-density distribution per unit solid angle, tp'(0, fJ)= constant = 1 rn-'s-' sr-* (lower solid curve). The same field is also shown in terms of its distribution per unit polar angle, cp'(0), in m-' s-' radian-' (upper solid curve). '(a, 8) = 1 - (9/180°)]. 111. DESCRIPTION OF IONIZING RADIATION FIELDS 15 D. An Alternative Definition of Fluence Chilton (1978, 1979) has proven the validity of an alternative definition of fluence, namely: T h e fluence at a point P is numerically equal to the expectation value of the sum of the particle track lengths (assumed to be straight) that occur in an infinitesimal volume dV at P, divided by dV.
26)]. 2. The mixture of elements in air is sufficiently similar in ‘‘effectiveatomic num- V. , muscle) to make air an approximately " tissue-equivalent" material with respect to x- or y-ray energy absorption. Thus if one is interested in the effects of such radiations in tissue, air may be substituted as a reference medium in a measuring instrument. 3. Because ofthe approximate tissue equivalence of air noted in item 2, the value of the collision kerma K , in muscle, per unit of exposure X , is nearly independent of photon energy.