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By Tomáš Pánek, Jan Hradecký

The booklet goals to offer the original geomorphological landscapes of the Czech Republic. The geomorphic distinctiveness of this state advantages from the proximity to 2 special eu geological domain names: the previous cratonized Bohemian Massif and the quite younger Tertiary fold and thrust belt of the Western Carpathians.

Landscapes and Landforms of the Czech Republic introduces normal physiographical features of the panorama and offers the most using elements resulting in the evolution of the current panorama. The e-book includes twenty chapters describing the main fascinating geomorphic landscapes of the Czech Republic. the choice of person landscapes was once in response to visible exceptionality (e.g. sandstone landscapes of the Northern Bohemia), clinical significance (e.g. patterned grounds within the Sudetic Mountains) and old relevance (e.g. mining of the Nízký and Hrubý Jeseník Mountains). the ultimate chapters of the booklet speak about the security of geomorphic historical past within the Czech Republic.

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Temperatures of the coldest months were on average around −20 °C or even lower. The Late Pleistocene was characterised by the peak in periglacial landform-shaping processes in the territory of the recent Czech Republic (Czudek 2005). In the Eemian interglacial period mean annual temperatures were around 13 °C and the climate was very humid (Czudek 2005). Subsequent cooling in the Weichsellian glacial period again brought mean annual temperatures below the freezing point (−2 and −5 °C). The greatest drop in temperatures came in the pleniglacial (73–13 ka BP) when in the phase of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) mean annual temperatures were −6 to −8 °C; mean January temperatures ranged between −18 and −20 °C.

2005). Lower temperatures were associated with a majority of the Oligocene period with CMM around 5 °C, while the latest Chattian was marked by a temperature peak which was recorded by Mosbrugger et al. (2005) from the Lower Rhine Basin. This peak corresponds to the Late Oligocene Warming known from isotope records (Zachos et al. 2001). The warmest period of the Neogene was the Miocene (Chlupáč et al. 2002) in which the trend of warming continued up to the Middle Miocene. This warming seems to be rather stepwise, while the curves show several short-term variations.

The Central as well as the Inner 2 Geology and Tectonic Development of the Czech Republic the Slovakia area, the Skole and Dukla Units belong to this group of nappes as well. In contrast to the above-mentioned Magura Group, they contain sediments of a broader stratigraphic range, from the Jurassic to the Middle Miocene. In addition to the flysch siliciclastic sequences of Jurassic to Early Miocene age (alternation of sandstone, claystones, conglomerates), carbonates of Jurassic and Cretaceous age are present, mainly in the Silesian Unit.

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