Download Mathematical Formulas for Economists by Bernd Luderer PDF
By Bernd Luderer
The current number of formulation has been composed for college students of economics or administration technology at universities, faculties and alternate colleges. It comprises uncomplicated wisdom in arithmetic, monetary arithmetic and facts in a compact and obviously prepared shape. This quantity is intended to be a reference paintings for use through scholars of undergraduate classes including a textbook and through researchers wanting detailed statements of mathematical effects. humans facing functional or utilized difficulties also will locate this assortment to be an effective and easy-to-use paintings of reference.
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2n . 7F^'-z7^'±---+(-ir 6! (2n)! 1 1! 1 2 2! „a , ... I n n! In^ a -^ In"a „ sinhx ^+r'+^"'+--+(2;^"' cosh a: ' + 2 ! ^ +••• + (2n)! +... a;2" + Domain of convergence: — 1 < a; < 1 function power series, Taylor series ln(l + x) x-lx^ ^ + \x^-^x^±... O + (-l)"+i-x" ± , 4t Tl Fourier series Series of the form oo , . v^ / knx s{x) = ao -\- 2_^ iak cos — , . k7rx\ h bk sm —— I are called trigonometric series or Fourier series. e. f{x + 21) = f{x), and that the so-called Fourier coefficients ak^bk are equal to 1 / 1 / nTT'T 1 / Symmetric functions / even function, i.
Functions of one independent variable 52 Logarithraic functions y = loga X - logarithmic function, X - argument a - base a G R, a > 1 Special case a = e: y = lnx - function of the natural logarithm Special case a = 10: - function of the decimal (Briggsian) logarithm y = \gx Domain: Df=ll^ Range: W = 11 = {xeli\x>0} • The value y = log^ x is defined by the relation x = a'^. • Rules of operation • logarithms (p. 15). • The inverse function of the logarithmic function y = log^x is the exponential function ( • p.
For example, from the relation a; = siny we get the function y = arcsin x (arc sine or inverse sine). ' 1 i \ ^ 1 "^x 1 "-.. / TT 2 - l l , ^ f 1 1 1 ^ X a; arctan x 1 1 TT Domains and ranges inverse trigonometric function domain y = arcsin x -1