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By Vladimir Ovchinnikov

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It should be mentioned that in the case of the low resolution of the lines, corresponding to different non-equivalent positions of the resonant atoms, their superposition is often approximated by a broadened line, whose parameters, in the final analysis, contain the averaged-out information on hyperfine interactions in the investigated solid. 1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS The parameters δ and H (isomeric shift and the effective magnetic field on the nucleus of the atom of the resonant isotope) reflect the distribution of the charge and spin density of the electrons in the crystal and also the presence of external (applied to the investigated object from the outside) electrical and magnetic fields.

In the solution of specific problems, we can confine ourselves to considering the interaction only with the nearest and next neighbours of the resonant nuclei. Obviously, in this case it is desirable to have at least an integral estimate of the effect of remote coordination spheres. In a number of cases, this effect may be taken into account indirectly. Prior to examining the problem of the role of different nonequivalent groups of the atoms in the formation of the structure of γ-resonance spectra, it is important to note another significant circumstance, associated with the special features of Mössbauer investigations: we can define two cases differing in the nature of distribution of the atoms of the resonant isotope in the crystal: 1) ‘natural’ distribution (a suitable example are alloys melted by the 24 Interpretation of Mössbauer Spectra of Alloys conventional method; the corresponding element in this case may be enriched with the Mössbauer isotope); 2) the selective introduction of the resonant isotope – diffusion on crystal lattice defects (dislocations, grain boundaries), introduction of the isotope on the surface, etc.

We examine in greater detail the nature of the main effects, resulting in the shift and splitting of the nuclear levels. Temperature shift δ T of the Mössbauer spectrum The variation of the energy of the γ-quanta is observed at the complete structural identity of the source and the absorber, if their temperature differs (absolute or Debye). This results in the temperature shift of the Mössbauer spectrum (the Doppler shift of the second order). 715 × 10−4  Θ + 8T (T / Θ ) d ϕ . 11) Mössbauer Analysis of the Atomic and Magnetic Structure of Alloys This shift is a relativistic effect determined by the difference in the mass of the nucleus in the ground and excited states and by the respective variation of the kinetic energy of the nucleus [11].

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