Download New Directions in Guided Wave and Coherent Optics by R. H. Stolen (auth.), D. B. Ostrowsky, E. Spitz (eds.) PDF
By R. H. Stolen (auth.), D. B. Ostrowsky, E. Spitz (eds.)
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Johnson, B. S. Kawasaki, and R. I. McDonald, CW Three-Wave Mixing in Single-Mode Optical Fibers, J. Appl. , 49, 5098 (1978). K. O. Hill, D. C. Johnson, and B. S. Kawasaki, CW Generation of Multiple Stokes and Anti-Stokes Brillouin Shifted Frequencies, Appl. Phys. , 29, 185 (1976). 22 (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (35) (36) (37) (38) (39) (40) (41) (42) (43) (44) R. H. Stolen and Chinlon Lin, Self-Phase-Modulation in Silica Optical Fibers, Phys. Rev. A. 17, 1448 (1978). D. Gloge, Weakly Guiding Fibers, Appl.
Tum-SPACE ANALOGIES Earlier in the text,we hinted at analogies that exist between the propagation of coherent pulses and that of coherent laser beams. As the concepts and laws governing beam propagation and expansion are widely known (~), we will sketch these analogies to provide an aid for the understanding of coherent pulse propagation. S4 The time-space analogies trace back to the Schroedinger equations for the pulse and beam envelopes. Equation (5) for the pulse envelope can be rewritten in terms of the local time t ,Q, = t-z/v g u(z,t) as and the corresponding envelope v(z,t-z/v ) g a2v + ~ av ~ 2 8 az at ,Q, Compare this to the equation o.
Allowing for non-unity quantum efficienc) inefficiencies in the fiber-detector coupling and other margins, it is reasonable to project that at least 104 photons per bit will be required at the fiber output to satisfy receiver requirements. 4 db/km) this translates into a requirement of 108 photons per bit, or 15 pJ, at the fiber input. These numbers give us an idea of the power level at which ultra-high-speed fiber transmission may have to operate, and Table I lists the pulse peak powers at 15 pJ/bit for various bit rates.