Download New Techniques in Gastrointestinal Imaging by Steve Halligan, Helen M. Fenlon PDF
By Steve Halligan, Helen M. Fenlon
As carrying on with advances in computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear imaging spur the improvement of extra actual, more secure, and no more invasive modalities for gastrointestinal imaging-quickly rendering conventional approaches obsolete-medical pros desire in simple terms glance to this definitive step by step advisor for creation, transparent representation, and complete insurance of state of the art recommendations starting from digital colonoscopy to dynamic imaging of the pelvic flooring.
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Sample text
Should be repeated in various degrees of obliquity to avoid overlapping £uid structures. One potential pitfall of the single slab technique is that bright £uid surrounding a ¢lling defect can potentially obscure visualization. The multislice sequence can be acquired in approximately 10^35 seconds and allows the acquisition of multiple thin contiguous slices. Slice thickness is usually set to the minimum value that still provides adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The multiple slices can be postprocessed into a projectional view using the MIP algorithm.
At ¢rst, the principle of fecal tagging was demonstrated on the basis of bright-lumen MRC (34). For fecal tagging, the signal intensity of stool has to be augmented to simulate the bright rectal enema. By adding a T1shortening, gadolinium-based MR contrast agent to regular meals prior to the MR examination, better harmonization of signal properties between fecal material and the Gd-based enema can be achieved. MR imaging following the administration of a gadolinium-containing enema provides a homogeneously bright colonic lumen.
Furthermore, MRC will continue to have di⁄culty demonstrating £at lesions, which recently have been shown to be more prevalent than previously believed (29). BOWEL CLEANSING Since colorectal lesions often cannot be accurately di¡erentiated from stool, virtual colonography requires bowel purgation in a manner similar to conventional colonoscopy. Various oral agents for bowel cleansing are used in practice. Although some substances have been found to evoke fewer side e¡ects (30,31), bowel preparation in general negatively impacts on patient acceptance.