Download Optical Imaging and Aberrations, Part III: Wavefront by Virendra N. Mahajan PDF
By Virendra N. Mahajan
Wavefront Analysis is a component III of a chain of books on Optical Imaging and Aberrations. It has advanced out of the author's paintings and lectures through the years on wavefront research as utilized to optical layout and checking out. Its concentration is at the use of orthonormal polynomials that characterize balanced classical aberrations in optical imaging structures with scholars of varied shapes. After a short advent to optical imaging, aberrations, and orthonormalization of a suite of polynomials over a undeniable area to acquire polynomials which are orthonormal over one other area, this ebook describes intimately the polynomials acceptable for varied shapes of the procedure scholar. beginning with the approach that's commonest in imaging, specifically, the single with a round scholar, platforms with annular, hexagonal, elliptical, oblong, sq., and slit students are thought of. integrated during this record also are platforms with round and annular students with Gaussian illumination, anamorphic platforms with sq. and round scholars, and people with round and annular zone scholars. those chapters begin with a short dialogue of aberration-free imaging that comes with either the PSF and the OTF of a approach. A separate bankruptcy is dedicated to a dialogue of the pitfalls of utilizing the Zernike circle polynomials for platforms with noncircular scholars through employing them to platforms with annular and hexagonal scholars. equally, a bankruptcy is dedicated to the calculation of orthonormal aberration coefficients from the wavefront or the wavefront slope info. each one bankruptcy ends with a short precis that describes the essence of its content material.
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2-3) may be written as follows: ExP Q1 Q2 r O B W P2 P1 S centered at P1 W centered at P2 S Z R Figure 2-6. Wavefront defocus. Defocused wavefront W is spherical with a radius of curvature R centered at P2 . The reference sphere S with a radius of curvature z is centered at P1 . Both W and S pass through the center O of the exit pupil ExP. The ray Q2 P2 is normal to the wavefront at Q2 . OB represents the sag of Q1 . 'HIRFXV $EHUUDWLRQ W (r) ~ - n D2 r 2 , 2R 23 (2-4) where D = z - R is called the longitudinal defocus.
Since the dependence of an aberration term on the image height h ¢ is contained in the aberration coefficient anm , it should be noted that the primary aberrations (including distortion and field curvature terms) in Eqs. (2-23) are not the same as those in Eq. (2-20), because they contain aberration components not only of the fourth degree, but of the sixth degree as well. For example, a 40r 4 consists of spherical and lateral spherical aberrations 0 a 40 a 4 r 4 and 2 a 40 h ¢ 2 a 4 r 4 . Similarly, the aberration function through the eighth order can be written.
The aberrations in the interferograms are twice their corresponding values in the system under test, because the test beam goes through the system twice. 5HIHUHQFHV 33 References 1. V. N. Mahajan, Optical Imaging and Aberrations, Part I: Ray Geometrical Optics, 2nd Printing (SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington, 2001). 2 M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, 7th ed. (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1999). 3. W. T. Welford, Aberrations of the Symmetrical Optical System (Academic Press, New York, 1974).