Download Optical Systems and Processes by Joseph Shamir PDF
By Joseph Shamir
A concise, finished reference textual content protecting electro-optical structures, optical procedure layout, optical physics, holography, Fourier optics, and optical metrology. Emphasizes actual perception geared toward engineering functions. appropriate as a sophisticated undergraduate or graduate point textual content; difficulties and options are included.
Contents
- Preface
- Introduction
- evaluation of electromagnetic wave propagation
- Linear structures theory
- Wavefront transformations
- easy optical systems
- Non-ideal optical systems
- Statistical elements of light
- Interference and interferometers
- Polarization
- Spatial gentle modulation
- Holography
- complex operator algebra
- Optical info processing
- A: precis of operator relations
- B: Bibliography
- C: difficulties and solutions
- D: Index
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Extra info for Optical Systems and Processes
Example text
4–45) Thus, any phase variation introduced by the transparency goes unobserved if viewed in this way. As we shall see below, phase variations may cause significant effects in other constellations. While, originally, transparencies were made on film or glass, today much more sophisticated transparencies exist. These transparencies can be modified in real time and are referred to as spatial light modulators (SLMs). A large variety of SLMs exist, some are controlled (or addressed) electronically, while others are controlled directly with optical images.
4–7) for the PSF, the convolution of Eq. (4–3) can be written in the form uout(x, y, d) = 1 ejkd Q ∗ uin (x, y, 0), jλd d (4–9) where the convolution is evaluated in two dimensions over the xy plane. Writing explicitly the convolution operation and resubstituting the quadratic phase factor we obtain uout(x, y, d) = ejkd jλd ∞ −∞ k ej 2d [(x−x ) 2 +(y−y )2 ] uin (x , y , 0) dx dy . (4–10) This integral, usually derived in different ways, is generally known as the Fresnel– Kirchhoff diffraction integral [4, 10, 14, 29].
In particular, it can be shown that for the infinite sum of the comb function the FT is a comb function as well. In the two-dimensional case we obtain F comb(ax) comb(by) = 1 y x comb . 4 F OURIER TRANSFORM THEOREMS We list here relations derived from FT analysis that will find important applications in optics. The reader is urged to prove these relations using the basic definition of the FT. L INEARITY THEOREM The FT operation satisfies the definition of a linear operator: For any two functions f (x, y) and g(x, y) satisfying the conditions to possess a FT and any two constants a and b, we have F af (x, y) + bg(x, y) = a F f (x, y) + bF g(x, y).