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By Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Òptica i Optometria; Vilaseca Ricart, Meritxell; Díaz-Doutón, Fernando; Luque, Sergio Oscar; Aldaba Arévalo, Mikel; Arjona Carbonell, Mª Montserrat; Pujol Ramo, Jaume

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Tint NL, Jayaswal R, Masood I, Maharajan VS. Rapidly progressive idiopathic lenticular astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 333-335. Urrets-Zavalía A. Displacement of the cristalline lens. Dev Ophthalmol. 59-65. Vaughn LW, Schepens CL. Progressive lenticular astigmatism associated with nuclear sclerosis and coloboma of the iris, lens, and choroid: case report. Ann Ophthalmol. 25-27. Venkatesh R, Tan CS, Sengupta S, Ravindran RD, Krishnan KT, Chang DF. Phacoemulsification versus manual small-incision cataract surgery for white cataract.

1 Keratometry The keratometer is used to approximate the refracting power of the cornea (BCSC 2008-2009). The central cornea can be thought of as a very powerful (about 250 D) convex spherical mirror. An illuminated object is placed in front of the cornea. A microscope is used to magnify the Etiology and Clinical Presentation of Astigmatism 29 image reflected from the corneal surface, and the radius of curvature of the corneal surface is calculated. The final step is to convert radius of curvature into an estimate of the cornea’s dioptric refractive power.

As stated above, this retinal image can be thought of as being composed of many DLCs, each corresponding to one point of the object, and the size of the blurred retinal image (y’) can be calculated as follows (Figure 7):    u A y' = b + DLC =  +  PE   R y + Py 2  (Rmean + Pmean )      (4) where b is the size of the basic (sharp) retinal image that would be formed for a distant object subtending the same angle u. The degree of blurring (DB) is then computed as the ratio between the diameter of the DLC and the size of the basic (sharp) retinal image as follows: DB = DLC b (5) Figure 8 shows two retinal images with different degrees of blurring but with basic (sharp) retinal images of the same size.

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