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By Charles H. Fuchsman
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Example text
In tests on sequential extraction at increasing temperatures, the material extracted above 40°C typically had melting points about 20°-30°C above the extraction temperature. The bitumens are slightly heavier than water. 03 (Reilly and Emlyn, 1940). , 1948). IX. Chemical Composition of Bitumens The elemental compositions of benzene-ethanol bitumens have been reported by Rakowski and Edelstein (1932), Sundgren (1949), and Naucke (1966). Similar data for benzene bitumens were noted by Ackroyd (1954).
Anaerobic bacteria, however, 20 2. Chemical Characterization of Peats increase with depth and become particularly numerous at levels at which air-tolerant species are completely absent. In a Maine high-moor sphagnum peat the surface bacterial populations were low in the top 30 cm of peat, ranging from 100,000-250,000 per gm, but increased thereafter, reaching a maximum of 3,500,000 at a depth of 45-60 cm. Below that level the bacterial populations were slightly lower, but always much greater than at the surface.
In low-moor peats cellulose was gone almost immediately, and hemicelluloses diminished rapidly with depth. In high-moor peats the hemicelluloses diminished less rapidly with depth, while the cellulose diminished only slightly. It is interesting to compare Waksman's data with those of Lishtvan and ΚΟΓΟΓ (1975) who reported on the variation of chemical composition among various types of Soviet peats. Table III represents a condensation of their data. The categories of Waksman's system and those of Lishtvan and KoroFs are not identical.