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Extra resources for Photonic Microsystems Micro and Nanotechnology Applied to Optical Devices and Systems
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In this case the power of the two inputs can be combined into one output provided that the input phases are chosen correctly. 13. Input 2 b) Optical power combiner based on polarizing beam splitter. The physical layout of the power combiner is shown in a), while the polarizations of the input and output channels are shown in b. If the two inputs are incoherent, the output is best described as two linear polarizations with an arbitrary phase. This type of power combiner is often used with pump lasers for fiber amplifiers, because we want to pump the amplifier such that both polarizations of the fiber mode are amplified.
Analysis of planes waves at interfaces also gives us the Fresnel-reflection formulae. These expressions for reflection and transmission are very useful in their own right, and they lead to the important concepts of Total-Internal-Reflection that is the basis of traditional wave guiding, and to evanescent fields that are of particular importance in miniaturized and integrated optics. In the last part of the chapter, we will extend the treatment to multiple interfaces so that we can calculate reflection and transmission through multilayered structures.
Two-input, two-output optical devices divides optical power from each input symmetrically, and that the relative phases on the two outputs are 38 Photonic Microsystems 4. 5. 6. 7. e. if the two parts of the output are in-phase on Output 1, then they must be exactly out of phase on Output 2. The reflectivities from opposite sides of an interface when referred to the same reference plane are of opposite signs. This is important in all interferometric devices that include dielectric interfaces. Fan-in and fan-out losses are equal in loss-less optical devices.