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By D. J. Dewhurst (Auth.)
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Extra info for Physical Instrumentation in Medicine and Biology
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The base of natural logarithms. 2 gives values of ε~' RC and (1 —z~tlRC) for a range of values of tjRC. 4 38 PHYSICAL INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 100L 50 VOLTS INITIAL GRADIENT 10 VOLTS/SECOND O 10 20 TIME SECONDS 30 40 FIG. 5. Charging curve for RC series combination. 2. VALUE OF EXPONENTIAL TERM IN EQN. 4) 1 -e-tlRC 0 018 0-33 0-45 0-55 0-63 0-87 0-95 0-98 Once the values of R and C are determined in a particular circuit, the value of tjRC can be calculated for any time / after charging has started.
7, at any instant the condenser voltage must be the same as that of the source. As the source voltage rises, current must flow into one plate and out of the other as the condenser charges. When the voltage is at its peak, the condenser is fully charged, so no current is flowing. As the voltage falls to zero and reverses, current flows out of the condenser, and is actually flowing at its maximum rate as the voltage passes through zero. The condenser then charges up in the reverse direction, the current again dying away as the voltage reaches its maximum reverse value.
PRACTICAL Generators (often called magnetos) from old-style manual telephones are still readily available, and form an excellent source of low-frequency AC for experimental purposes. It is best to remove the gear wheels and to attach the driving handle directly to the rotor. An alternative source of AC is the generator from a bicycle lighting set. These are of very similar construction. 1. Examine the construction of the generator to be used and notice the features des cribed in this chapter. Using a 0-1 milliammeter in series with a 100 K resistor, examine the output of the generator as the rotor is turned, slowly atfirst,and then faster and faster.