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Extra resources for Rideal EK-An introduction to surface chemistry
Example text
In many cases such as at water-mercury interfaces electrolytes The application of the kinetic theory to are positively adsorbed. surface films of molecules leads, as we have seen, to a ready interpretation of the lowering of the surface tension by capillary active For electrolytes an additional factor has to be uonelectrolytes. namely the mutual interaction of the electrically charged As we shall have occasion to note the distribution of the adsorbed ions, both positive and negative, at an interface such as water-mercury is not readily determined, but it is clear from a consideration of the data of Gouy that mutual ionic electrical repulsion in the interface is an important factor.
Thomson, and Gibbs' equation may be regarded as the fundamental basis for the thermodynamical treatment of interfacial phases. Gibbs' equation, which is perfectly general, may be deduced readily from the potential functions of Gibbs (Thermodynamics, p. 221) and Duhem (Le Potential Thermodynamique, Paris 1886), or in the following manner. M is a vessel which encloses a system in equilibrium. closed surface within the vessel which contains a volume V. For any in energy infinitesimal may be W is a change in a reversible system, the change written (1), SURFACE TENSION OF SOLUTIONS 32 where S the entropy, /^, /j, z the chemical potentials of the components.
Solution; this would lead to a mean molecular weight less than zero. Such criticisms suggest that although a deviation below the normal value of does indeed indicate that there is association the degree to which it occurs cannot be obtained as simply as was K assumed. Another amendment to the simple rule of Eb'tvos is made necessary owing to the existence of a third class of bodies with Such for example are the higher exceptionally high values of K. fatty acids and their glycerides, investigated by Walden.