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By H Meixner; R Jones

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Gundula Czyzewski, Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, Berlin, Germany, who have given a lot of help to prepare this report. 2 Intelligent Combustion H. -W. Etzkorn, and S. 1 The Situation As member states of the European Union have been releasing new regulations to protect the environment by reducing pollutant emissions, the heating equipment industry as well as their customers is well aware of the need for a new sensor-controlled burner concept. The answer is continuous innovation in small burner technology.

They can even be used for aggressive media [1]. The velocity of sound – in the following formula marked as “VOS” – is taken as the characteristic criterion. s r dp RT Áj VOS ˆ ˆ dq M Up to now, sensors using this parameter have not been taken into consideration, as they are generally not selective. Water for instance is traceable in air because its velocity of sound is significantly higher. The VOS of carbon dioxide is just around 1/3 the VOS of air. In a mixture of air, water and CO2 none of the compounds can be quantified.

European machines in particular are operated with very low water levels in order to save energy and water. It is therefore important to ensure that the laundry load is soaked in water or suds as quickly as possible so that dry textiles do not rub unnecessarily against the drum or the rubber seal. This is achieved in European machines by constructional features that improve water absorption, shown in Fig. 3, such as lifter bars, circulation (jet) systems or direct injection. Here, too, electronics have come in handy.

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