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By Sarah E. Chinn

During this publication, Sarah E. Chinn pulls jointly what seems contrary discourses--the information-driven languages of legislation and drugs and the subjective logics of racism--to learn how racial id has been built within the usa over the last century. She examines a number of fundamental social case experiences corresponding to the yank crimson move' lamentable determination to segregate the blood of black and white donors in the course of international struggle II, and its ramifications for American tradition, and newer examples that exhibit the racist nature of criminology, similar to the hot trial of O.J. Simpson. between numerous key American literary texts, she seems at Mark Twain's Pudd'nhead Wilson, a singular whose plot activates problems with racial identification and which used to be written at a time while medical and well known curiosity in facts of the physique, similar to fingerprinting, was once at a height.

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The Laboratory served a double purpose: as entertainment for the Exhibition punters, who lined up in their thousands to have their height, weight, arm span, head circumference and other measurements taken for the cost of a threepenny ticket, and as a source for raw data (and seed money) for Galton in the pursuit of his eugenics work (Kevles, 1985: 14). In the 1880s, Galton's interest shifted from the mathematics of the general population to the identification of criminals. This is hardly surprising, given the overlap we see between scientific and legal modes of evidence and their analogous deployment of bodies to prove a predetermined set of postulates about what those bodies mean (not coincidentally, Galton's protege and biographer Karl Pearson moved from studying law to a career in mathematics to developing biometric eugenics methods).

According to Alexander Stewart, author of Our Temperaments: Their Study and Their Teaching (1886) — a book that was so well received that it went into several printings and a second revised edition over the course of six years — it was not just that "observers may know the temperament of anyone by looking at him; and associate it with certain mental qualities and traits of character" (pp. vii-viii), but that temperament is physical, first and foremost. T. 16 As Alan Gribben argues, "he earnestly wished to believe in the existence of an infallible means of character detection and psychological remedy" (1972: 67).

2 A show of hands Establishing identity in Mark Twain's The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson Reading the body About half-way through Mark Twain's 1894 novel The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson, just as the novel begins unraveling its multiply-tangled knots of identity, crime, and punishment, Twain treats his readers to a parlor game. David "Pudd'nhead" Wilson is entertaining three guests: Luigi and Angelo Capello, Italian noblemen visiting Wilson's adopted hometown of Dawson's Landing, Missouri, and Tom Driscoll, the scion of one of the leading families of the town.

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