Download The Development of Prosocial Behavior by Nancy Eisenberg PDF
By Nancy Eisenberg
What sorts of childrearing practices foster the advance of aiding, sharing, and different prosocial behaviors? What roles do biology and tradition play within the improvement of prosocial habit? This publication experiences and summarizes scholarly examine that has been dedicated to the improvement of prosocial habit in young children, and examines a few of the elements and impacts that give a contribution to kid's prosocial improvement, together with the media, mom and dad, friends, biology, tradition, own features, and situational determinants. The authors argue that prosocial habit may be realized and is modifiable, and so they recommend strategies for folks, lecturers and others to augment prosocial improvement. They try and speak the advances within the learn of prosocial improvement that experience taken position during the last decade and spotlight questions formerly unaddressed via researchers, and indicates parts for destiny paintings. this article is well-suited for undergraduate and graduate classes in baby improvement and social psychology.
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A study by Rushton and Wiener (1975) also looked at the pattern of generality at different ages. Using 30 7-year-olds and 30 11-year-olds, three behavioral measures of prosocial behavior were obtained: donating tokens to a charity, sharing candy with a friend, and a competitiveness score from a car racing game. Note that these last two measures are borrowed from the previously described study by Rutherford and Müssen (1968). 05) with generosity to a charity, and negatively (r = - . 001) with competitiveness.
Generosity typically involves an act of sharing that is of limited duration and provides little opportunity for interaction. Helpfulness, however, often involves working with the other person for some period of time. Given the nature of the types of altruistic behavior, it seems likely that the highly sociable person—who, by definition, is attracted to interactions with others—would show a preference for helpfulness. The different age trends in altruism may also allow us to make useful inferences about the nature of different kinds of prosocial needs.
Thus, the question remains as to what points distinguish among these behaviors. We now will briefly examine some suggestions as to factors that influence prosocial behavior, and which may serve to produce discrepancies among measures of prosocial behavior. INFLUENCES O N PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR Although much of the remainder of this book is devoted to detailing factors that influence prosocial tendencies, we wish to consider some of these processes here in order to see what implications they may have for the question of generality (see also Moore & Underwood, 1981).