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By B. R. Davies, K. F. Walker (auth.), Dr. Bryan R. Davies, Dr. Keith F. Walker (eds.)
Our realizing of the ecology of operating waters has come some distance prior to now few years. From being a mostly descriptive topic, with a number of less than tones eager about things like fisheries, pollutants or regulate of blackflies, it has developed right into a self-discipline with hypotheses, equivalent to the River Continuum suggestion (Vannote et a/. 1980), or even a booklet suggesting that it bargains chance for the checking out of ecological thought (Barnes & Minshall 1983). in spite of the fact that, perusal of the literature finds that, even though a few of the very early reports have been all for huge rivers (references in Hynes 1970), the nice mass of the paintings that has been performed on working water has been on streams and small rivers, and data on greater rivers is both on such constrained themes as fisheries or plankton, scattered one of the journals, or now not to be had to the final limnologist. the single exceptions are a couple of books during this sequence of guides, akin to these at the Nile (Rz6ska 1976), the Volga (Morduckai Boltovskoi 1979) and the Amazon {Sioli 1984), and the hot compendium by way of Whitton (1984) on ecu rivers, between which there are a couple of that cost as large.
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Extra info for The Ecology of River Systems
Example text
Higher vegetation The major West African plant distribution patterns are shown in Fig. 6. Both the Niger and Benue headwaters run through savanna uplands with extensive gallery forests. The Niger enters progressively more arid terrain: much of the Middle Niger lies within the Sahelian zone, with rainfall less than 400 mm a -•, and much of the countryside between Timbuktu and Gao is desert. Towards the SE, Sahelian vegetation is gradually re-established, becoming more lush until the river enters coastal rainforest at Onitsha.
Luxembourgoise: 130--226. Rzoska, J. R. 1978. On the Nature of Rivers, with Case Histories of Nile, Zaire and Amazon. W. Junk, The Hague, 67 pp. Vannote, R. , G. W. Minshall, K. W. Cummins, J. R. Sedell & C. E. Cushing 1980. The River Continuum Concept. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 37: 130--137. Welcomme, R. L. 1979. Fisheries Ecology of Floodplain Rivers. Longman, London, 317 pp. Welcomme, R. L. 1986. Fish of the Niger system. This volume. White, E. ) 1965. The First Scientific Report of the Kainji Biological Research Team.
The relationship between predator and prey length in Hydrocynus: Dansoko 1975). Consequently, predators must rely on smaller species whose distribution is localised, or for whom concealment is easy. A similar general cessation of feeding by fish, including predators, occurs elsewhere in the world (Welcomme 1979); the phenomenon is referred to as "physiological winter" by Lowe-McConnell (1975). There are few detailed studies on fish feeding in tbe Niger, although generalised observations on the diets of some species exist, including those of 35 Daget (1954) for the Upper Niger and Imevbore & Bakare (1970) for the section now impounded by Lake Kainji.