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By G.D.Coughlan J.E.Dodd B.M.Gripaios
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Extra resources for The Ideas Of Particle Physics
Sample text
The w a v e f u n c t i o n w i l l b e a f u n c t i o n o f the x\ X2, a n d b y t h e a n t i s y m m e t r y f(Xi - X2) = ~ f i X 2 - separation property, light. T h i s last principle c o n c l u d e s o u r tour o f quantum mechanics. whistle-stop A l t h o u g h brief, the tour has included most o f the n e w concepts introduced b y xi). the theory. F o r the p u r p o s e s o f the rest o f the b o o k , the Then the probability for the t w o electrons t ob e at the m o s t i m p o r t a n t o f these is the w a v e f u n c t i o n s a m e p o i n t ( x i = xi) i s r e l a t e d t o t h e a m p l i t u d e o f t h e tion o f a particle, although w e w i l l use the uncertainty w a v e f u n c t i o n a t x i ~ xi.
T h e mathematical p r o o f o f this demonstration isk n o w n as 'renormalisation'. Renormalisation is a necessary formal process w h i c h shows that the particles i n the theory and their interactions are consistent w i t h the principles o f quant u m theory. These m a y seem like h o l l o w words for the familiar interactions o f electrons w i t h photons. B u t i n t h e m o r e e s o t e r i c q u a n t u m field t h e o r i e s w e a r e g o i n g to encounter, both the particle content o f the theories and the f o r m o f their interactions are largely u n k n o w n .
T h e effects o f t h e w e a k a n d s t r o n g n u c l e a r forces are c o n f i n e d t o w i t h i n , at m o s t , 1 0 " ' ^ m o f t h e i r sources. W i t h this i n m i n d , it is w o r t h w h i l e s u m m a r i s i n g a f e w k e y facts about each o f the f o u r forces before g o i n g o n t o l o o k at the v a r i e t y o f p h e n o m e n a t h e y d i s play i n o u r laboratories. I n each case w e are interested in the sources o f the force and the intrinsic strength o f the interactions to w h i c h t h e y give rise.