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As he knew the language, I begged and implored him to explain the text, without evasions or jealousy. 53 “ Without evasions or jealousy” is an Arab touch. From AlRazi on, the Arabs distinguished allegorising alchemy from the practical side, and we find a pride being taken at times in setting out plainly what has been left hidden. The author o f The A im o f the Sage states that he penetrated the secrets o f the hieroglyphic texts engraved on Egyptian temples so as to show that he was not “ envious” like the (Greek) ancients.

Each element had two o f these qualities and no more. But the opposites, heat and cold, dryness and fluidity, could not be mated. So the four possible sets o f combinations w ere: hot and dry (fire), hot and fluid (air), cold and fluid (water), cold and dry (earth). In every element one quality dominated: dryness in earth, coldness in water, fluidity in air, heat in fire. g. fire into air through the heat they shared, and so on. Tw o elements could pass together into a third, through each discarding one quality, as long as the effect was not to leave two identical or two contrary qualities.

In actuality the two vapours mix in varying degrees. The heat o f the dry one causes minerals, stones that cannot be melted such as realgar (arsenious sulphide), ochre and ruddle (clayey iron oxides), and sulphur. The heat o f the moist one causes metals, which are fusible or malleable, such as iron, copper, gold. ) Aristotle distinguished chemical combination, mixis, and mechanical mixture, synthesis; the mixis o f liquids had its own term, krasis. However his notion o f chemical combination (as in drugs) was unclear.

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