Download The Project Physics Course: Text and Handbook 4: Light and by Gerald Holton, F. James Rutherford, Fletcher G. Watson PDF
By Gerald Holton, F. James Rutherford, Fletcher G. Watson
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Additional info for The Project Physics Course: Text and Handbook 4: Light and Electromagnetism
Example text
He is shown here observwhose clap- ing the behavior of a bell per is connected to a lightning rod. " It was not until the late 1890"s that there was experimental evidence to give convincing support to any model of what "electric charge" actually was. There were, as it turned out, elements of truth in both one-fluid and two-fluid models. The stor\' will be told in some detail in Unit 5. For the present, we can say that there are in fact two different material "fluids,"" but the "negative fluid"" moves around much more easily than the "positive fluid,"' were so most of the electric phenomena we have been discussing due to an excess or deficiency of the mobile fluid.
Gilbert's first task in his book was to review and criticize what had previously been written about lodestone. Gilbert reports various theories proposed to explain the cause of magnetic attraction; one of the most popular theories was suggested by the Roman author reports of other writers, and Lucretius: Lucretius was one deems the attraction to be due to this, that Lucretius as there is from all things a flowing out ("efflux" or effluvium") of minutest bodies, so there is from iron an efflux of atoms into the space between the iron and the lodestone -a space emptied of air by the lodestone's atoms (seeds); and when these begin to return to the lodestone, the iron follows, the corpuscles being entangled with each other.
Also, lodestone as a compass in Western countries dates from the late twelfth century, but its properties were known even earlier in China. Today, lodestone would be called magnetized iron ore. The histories of lodestone and amber are the early histories of magnetism and electricity. The modem developments in these subjects began in 1600 with the publication in London of William book De Magnete. Gilbert (1544-1603) was an influential who served as Queen Elizabeth's chief physician. During the last twenty years of his life, he studied what was already known of lodestone and amber, made his own experiments to check the Gilbert's physician, summarized his conclusion in De Magnete.