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By W. Doise, Michael Argyle, G. Mugny, A. St. James, N. Emler, D. Mackie

The definition of intelligence has turn into the thing of many controversies - fairly approximately its nature and the factors of its improvement - with crucial social implications at stake. To get out of this impasse, the authors of this publication suggest a social perception of intelligence and of its improvement: they give thought to intelligence as due to the inter-individual coordinations of activities and decisions. They experimentally research how teams of youngsters intricate new cognitive instruments which their individuals, taken separately, didn't own first and foremost, and the way those cognitive instruments are hence utilized by the kid by myself

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Zoetebier and Ginther (1978) 4. Perret-Clermont (1980a) 5. Pinxten and Bressers (1979) 6. Perret-Clermont (1980b) Sociocognitive conflict (Chapter 5) 1. Mugny, D o i s e and Perret-Clermont (1975-76) 2. Mugny, Giroud and D o i s e (1978-79) 3. Mugny, Giroud and D o i s e (1978-79) | Ό £ £ (3g =1 Χ Χ Χ Χ Χ Χ 6. Levy (1981) 7. S £ Ü Χ Χ X X Χ Χ Χ X X X X X Χ X X Χ Χ Χ X X X Χ X X X S o u U-£ £ £ X Χ Χ ^ X X Χ 4. D o i s e , Dionnet and Mugny (1978) Spatial transformation (Chapter 6) 1. D o i s e , Mugny and Perret-Clermont (1975) 2.

Using the same age groups as Experiment 1, a second experiment com­ pared collective performances where the nature of the interaction allowed to develop during the game was manipulated. While some groups were free to work as they wished, some groups had a hierarchical structure imposed by requiring that the group obeyed a 'leader' who directed actions for each course. This was intended to make the collective performance more depen­ dent on the ability of a single individual. Such 'individualisation of interac­ tion' was expected to result in poorer collective performances amongst the youngest subjects, as these will depend more on individual ability.

Nearly 50% of the 7 year olds failed to 'interact reciprocally' and even in the 10 year old age group nearly 30% of 33 34 The Social Development of the Intellect the children still engaged in egocentric behaviour. Only amongst the oldest group studied, 13 year olds, did the coefficient of egocentrism drop to zero. Such research appears to show that 'true' cooperation is the final stage in cognitive development. It is clear that cooperation perse presents problems that are not always solved immediately by children (nor, what is more, by adults either).

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