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By Joachim F. Wohlwill and David S. Palermo (Auth.)

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The Wernerian position was seen to be predicated on a purely structural approach to the study of development; it attains an impressive scope and generality, but only at the expense of throwing overboard an external criterion for development such as provided by the age variable, which could provide a base line for the study of behavioral change, and notably its functional aspects. As for the radical behaviorist position, we suggested that the meaningfulness of studying changes in behavior taking place along the dimension of age as such, as opposed to relating them to the conditions or events supposedly determining them, depends on the level of analysis at which the study of development is undertaken.

The correlation, of course, will be important to anyone planning, let us say, a program of study for the average ten-yearold; but it will not be important to an understanding of the processes of development as such [p. 198, italics in the original]. Accordingly, these psychologists argue for an approach based on the systematic programming of the developing individual's experience in such a way as to simulate the developmental changes normally occurring as an apparent function of the passage of time.

The real question is whether there are any variables which do meet our requirements. The answer is an unequivocal yes, provided we know where to look, or more important, how to define them. Some examples are obvious: vocabulary size (as well as other, more interesting measures of language development), spatial ability, visual-motor coordination, verbal recall, attention span. Others emerge upon proper redefinition of the behavioral variable: Susceptibility to visual illusions, or accuracy of visual discrimination, would be poor candidates, whereas strength of assimilation tendencies, or ability to integrate stimulus information across spatial or temporal gaps may be much more promising.

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