Download The Tragedy of the Commodity: Oceans, Fisheries, and by Brett Clark, Stefano B. Longo, Rebecca Clausen PDF
By Brett Clark, Stefano B. Longo, Rebecca Clausen
Even if people have lengthy relied on oceans and aquatic ecosystems for sustenance and exchange, only in the near past has human effect on those assets dramatically elevated, reworking and undermining oceanic environments during the international. Marine ecosystems are in a challenge that's worldwide in scope, quick in velocity, and tremendous in scale. within the Tragedy of the Commodity, sociologists Stefano B. Longo, Rebecca Clausen, and Brett Clark discover the function human impact performs during this challenge, highlighting the social and financial forces which are on the center of this looming ecological challenge. In a critique of the vintage concept “the tragedy of the commons” by way of ecologist Garrett Hardin, the authors circulation past simplistic explanations—such as unrestrained self-interest or inhabitants growth—to argue that it's the commodification of aquatic assets that ends up in the depletion of fisheries and the advance of environmentally suspect technique of aquaculture. to demonstrate this argument, the ebook beneficial properties attention-grabbing case studies—the thousand-year heritage of the bluefin tuna fishery within the Mediterranean and the big Pacific salmon fishery. Longo, Clausen, and Clark describe how new fishing applied sciences, alterations in ships and garage capacities, and the growth of seafood markets mixed to change notably and completely those the most important ecosystems. In doing so, the authors underscore how the actual association of social construction contributes to ecological degradation and a rise within the pressures put upon the sea. The authors spotlight the ancient, political, fiscal, and cultural forces that form how we have interaction with the bigger biophysical global. A path-breaking research of overfishing, The Tragedy of the Commodity yields perception into matters equivalent to deforestation, biodiversity loss, pollutants, and weather swap.
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Additional resources for The Tragedy of the Commodity: Oceans, Fisheries, and Aquaculture (Nature, Society, and Culture)
Example text
To maintain the fertility of the soil, a continual replenishment or replacement of nutrients is required. Liebig generalized the concept of metabolism by using it to refer to the exchange of nutrients between the Earth and humans. For example, in many precapitalist societies, particularly in Europe, farm animals were directly incorporated into agricultural production. They were fed grains from the farm and the nutrients, in the form of manure, were actively reincorporated into the soil as fertilizer.
In 1954, Gordon introduced a social science analysis of common property resources by examining fisheries. . ”52 Approximately a decade later, Hardin incorporated this thread of economic theory as the foundation for the tragedy of the commons thesis. Hardin suggested that land, as well as other natural resources that are common property, will be degraded by the competing individual interests of the users. Only control or coercion by private entities or the state can stem the inevitable destruction of commonly held nature.
Orienting a Sociological Analysis Following the Second World War, a series of landmark studies portrayed an array of serious, growing environmental problems. Rachel Carson documented the dangers associated with the bioaccumulation of pesticides through the food web. Barry Commoner examined the environmental and 18 • The Tragedy of the Commodity health hazards related to radioactive fallout and chemical pollution. Paul Ehrlich explained how population growth increased the overall demands placed on the environment, potentially undermining the vitality of ecosystems on which humans depend.