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By Raymond C. Elton (Auth.)
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COLLISIONAL M I X I N G AND M A X I M U M E L E C T R O N DENSITY. T h e r e is a definite and quite general limit placed o n N by collisional mixing between levels u and ί of the laser transition. When the electron-collisional deexcitation rate from the upper- t o lower-laser-level approaches the radiative decay rate of the latter, the lower-state density increases. Then, collisional equilib rium between the laser states is approached. This can be quantified quite readily by equating the deexcitation rate iV C from Eq.
7. The magnitude of the effect can be evaluated by modifying the transition probability with an "escape factor" G(T ). 1 of this Chapter and the example therein). This escape factor is unity for optically thin lines and decreases rapidly as the opacity T at line center exceeds unity (see Fig. 8). The opacity at line center is defined by T = K d (K being the correspond ing absorption coefficient). These quantities determine the a m o u n t of absorp tion occurring in a path length d in a static medium through the Lambert-Beer Law c a ei c C c C y = exp( - T ) = exp( - σ Ν ά).
These values are not unreasonable by present standards. 4b. AUTOIONIZING LOWER-LASER-LEVEL. A novel method of replacing lower-level radiative decay and trapping by an alternate process is to pro mote lasing on a transition in which this level autoionizes at a higher rate than radiative decay. Hence, the energy stored in the lower-laser-state is re leased as a free electron rather than as a p h o t o n . This is illustrated in Fig. 11. The upper-laser state must be relatively stable against autoionization, which is possible for certain levels according to selection rules.