Download Dose Control at Nuclear Power Plants by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements PDF
By National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
This document is targeted on dose keep an eye on for the occupational exposures linked to the operation and upkeep of nuclear strength crops. After offering a history and heritage of dose regulate, the document offers quantitative tools that may be used as a part of the decision-making technique excited about pleasant dose limits and optimizing radiation publicity. The file then offers an strategy that administration at nuclear crops can use to prepare, direct and administer a application aimed toward maintaining doses as little as quite attainable (ALARA). additionally supplied are how one can examine the effectiveness of those courses, together with assessment suggestions, software studies, technique studies, and responsibility strategies. layout concerns which were profitable in decreasing doses at nuclear energy vegetation are mentioned. ultimately, the record treats operational concerns useful for enforcing dose regulate in the course of the operational life of a plant.
Content:
• entrance subject
• Preface
• desk of Contents
1. creation
2. Nuclear energy Dose adventure
three. Quantitative tools in Optimization
four. administration, coverage and management for an ALARA software
five. Dose regulate rules in Reactor layout and amendment
6. Operational issues
• Appendix A: Pre-Job ALARA Briefing
• Appendix B: Pre-Job ALARA record
• Appendix C: ALARA reports - Graded process
• References
• The NCRP
• NCRP guides
• Index
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Extra info for Dose Control at Nuclear Power Plants
Example text
For example, the two different general dose-control actions shown (improved water chemistry and cobalt reduction in metal components) have potentials for large reductions in dose rates and collective doses, and affect many jobs. As will be shown in the next section, small reductions in certain job doses can cause a large change in the monetary value of dose reduction. For this reason, in conducting a n overall or plant-wide optimization study, one should consider carefully all the interrelated changes in operations which may affect future doses.
A survey of 66 United States nuclear power plants by Kindred4 revealed values of $500 to $2,500 with a mean value of $1,140 per person-mSv were being employed in United States nuclear power plants in early 1994. The survey by Baum (1994) of values of public health and safety actions and radiation dose avoided included data from several countries and United States agencies. 4. Values range from a low $4 per person-mSv for IAEA transboundary exposures to the public and recommendations of the Health Physics Society's Scientific and Public Issues Committee for exposures to the general public, to high values of about $1,000 to $2,500 per person-mSv for occupational exposures in nuclear power plants in France, Sweden and the United States.
This tube, in early designs, was covered with a blind flange held in place by about 20 bolts. More recently, quick-opening hatches have been designed and are now available for installation in new plants. During the 1982 outage, a submarine-type quick-opening hatch was installed in one of the Swedish plants a t a cost, C, of $20,000 (United States) and an installation exposure, Dl, of 17 person-mSv. Estimated savings, Dz, of about 10 person-mSv per refueling, based on the contamination levels a t that time, would be achieved with the new installation.