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By J. H. Westbrook, R. L. Fleischer
This quantity is one in all 4, every one of which is composed of reprinted chapters from the hugely acclaimed, complete two-volume set Intermetallic Compounds: rules and perform. released in 1995. often times the writer or authors have further a short addendum to convey their bankruptcy brand new and in different circumstances newer references were additional. Chapters were chosen and grouped in topic parts to supply extra simply available and undemanding volumes for person researchers. the opposite titles during this four-volume set are: Crystal buildings of Intermetallic Compounds uncomplicated Mechanical homes and Lattice Defects of Intermetallic Compounds Structural purposes of Intermetallic Compounds
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Sample text
Another example is the compound CsAu (B2 (cP2)) in which both components are monovalent. However, the great difference in electronegativity and significant separation in energy of 6s2 and 6s6p configurations for Au~ leads to the existence of semiconducting behavior in CsAu, in which the highest filled band is based on 6s2 electrons on Au atoms, while the conduction band derived from the 6s state on Cs atoms is empty (Coles, 1986). The effect of stoichiometry on the electrical resistivity was investigated by Ikeda and Nakamichi (1975) in a series of Laves phases of Fe2A (A = Sc, Y, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, and U).
The second term is temperature-dependent and known variously as the * ideal', the intrinsic, the lattice or the phonon resistivity. At low temperatures this part is, in general, proportional to T5, but is linear at higher temperatures. The third part of the equation, usually called the 'residual' resistivity, arises from the electron scattering by lattice imperfections and is generally independent of temperature. Although Matthiessen's rule gives good agreement with experimental data, particularly at higher temperatures, there is increasing evidence that the rule is not strictly valid.
Although the specific mechanism for the observed grain-boundary hardening in these systems is not clear, it is believed that it is the result of a concentration of oxygen and/or nitrogen at or near the grain boundary. It has also been shown that the effect can be modified by ternary solute additions and, to some extent, by appropriate annealing treatment. , 1964). According to this model, the hardening at grain boundaries results from the dissociation of oxygenvacancy complexes in the vicinity of grain boundaries or free surfaces; hence the gradient range reflects a kinetic effect.