Download Nanotechnology Demystified by Linda D. Williams PDF
By Linda D. Williams
Wake up to hurry on nanotechnology and the numerous organic, chemical, actual, environmental, and political elements of this constructing technology.
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Today, we see much more than early scientists were able to see. High-resolution microscopes and other instruments allow scientists to study the structure and properties of seriously small particles. DISCOVERY OF MICRO THINGS Centuries ago, people thought mice came from grain since the creatures were always found running around grain barns. When the grain was gone, the mice seemed to vanish, too, so everyone thought mice and grain were connected in some 26 Nanotechnology Demystified way. ) remained a mystery.
Scientists around the world are checking it out. A nanometer is equal to 1 billionth of a meter. An average human hair is about 80,000 nanometers wide. Scientists discovered that at the nanoscale, size matters! 1 nm wide. So, 1 nm is almost equal to 10 hydrogen atoms, stretched end to end. ) This subatomic world can’t be seen by the naked eye because it’s super small! CHAPTER 2 Nanoscale Table 2-2 Metric Prefix exa peta tera giga 25 Most scientific data is reported in terms of metric measurements Multiples of Ten Number Name 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 quintillion 15 1,000,000,000,000,000 quadrillion 12 1,000,000,000,000 trillion 9 1,000,000,000 billion 6 1018 10 10 10 mega 10 1,000,000 million kilo 103 1000 thousand 10 1 milli Ϫ3 1/1000 thousandth Ϫ6 10 micro 10 1/1,000,000 millionth nano 10Ϫ9 1/1,000,000,000 billionth pico 10Ϫ12 femto atto 1/1,000,000,000,000 trillionth Ϫ15 1/1,000,000,000,000,000 quadrillionth Ϫ18 1/1,000,000,000,000,000,000 quintillionth 10 10 Size matters because the properties of nanomaterials can be uniquely different from properties of materials in bigger bulk forms.
Here’s an example from the worlds of biology and physics. In the mid-1990s, researchers took round, nanometer-sized silica particles (same stuff as sand, only smaller) of around 20–30 nm in diameter and coated them with very tiny particles of gold. The gold-coated silica was called a nanoshell (created by Rice professor CHAPTER 3 What Makes Nano Special? 41 Naomi Halas—more in Chapter 10) and was something like a super small candycoated chocolate. The nanoshell core size and gold thickness could be made thicker or thinner.