Download Safety in Tritium Handling Technology by H. Dworschak (auth.), F. Mannone (eds.) PDF
By H. Dworschak (auth.), F. Mannone (eds.)
The use of tritium as a uncomplicated gasoline fabric in a thermonuclear fusion reactor increases specific questions of safety end result of the mixed results of its physico chemical houses and radioactive nature. moreover the opportunity of reaching additional major progresses in constructing and demonstrating the feasibility of tritium burning units is determined by the dealing with of tritium macroquantities, say ten grammes, in a secure and trustworthy demeanour. it's also undoubted that, except technological constraints, any validation and exploitation of thermonuclear fusion as a resource of strength can be strongly conditioned through the applying of stringent operational and environmental safeguard standards because it derives from norms of the fashionable laws and public popularity concerns. no matter if the secure dealing with of tritium has already been validated to be possible on a whole gasoline cycle scale, it truly is unanimously famous that extra efforts are nonetheless to be focused on the advance of present innovations and improvement of complex applied sciences. a few of the parts requiring mammoth extra efforts are plasma exhaust gasoline c1ean-up, tritium pellet injection, processing of inert service gasoline, improvement of enormous free-oil pumps,tritlUm strategy analytics, improvement of enormous detritiation structures, beryllium-tritium interplay stories, tritium hold-up experiences in getter beds, adsorbers and structural fabrics, tritium restoration from first wall, structural and breeder fabrics for minimizing tritiated waste arising,tritium garage know-how, tritiated waste disposal technolo~y, method for regimen tritium accountancy,etc . . such a lot of them are intrinsically regarding the protection requirement of tritium technology.
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Extra info for Safety in Tritium Handling Technology
Sample text
T. ·. ·. . . t.. . . . -.. ........... Ii / i w ii i § 3 00 i 7-j -- r--r l·-r . i t ......... ;. ,- :• . . .. :.. ; Ii! 50 100 : :: i i ~ 150 TIME 200 250 300 ~ 350 ffi~ Q. ~ 0 200 ; 1 00 ~ 400 (min) Figure 14: Hydrogen Swamping to Enhance Tritium Desorption from Uranium Powder solution within the uranium powder is small, it continues to evolve slowly. At these low concentrations, the tritium desorption rate is dependent on the atomic tritium concentration at the uranium surface.
1 O( - 44711T + 9 . 5 8 ) ~~:~~~ ............ ,................... ,................. ....... ·i········ .. ·········i···· .. ··· .. ········i.. ·.. · ~· .................. ~.................. ·~··· .. ··············i·········......... ······ .. ······1· .. ······1'····· .. ·· .. ·····.. ····l.. ·.. ················ 1~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 10 20 30 40 SO TEMPERATURE 60 70 80 90 °c Figure 7: Tritium Concentration Dependence on Temperature for a Uranium-Tritium System 10 31 While uranium is a convenient scavenging material in that tritium can be readily recovered by heating the uranium tritide to approximately 425 °C in vacuum, the ultimate tritium concentrations emerging from uranium scavenger beds preclude venting the carrier stream directly to the environment.
School of Plasma Physics 6-15 Sept. 1989, Varenna. TRITIUM PROCESSING USING SCAVENGER BEDS: THEORY AND OPERATION W. T. SHMAYDA Ontario Hydro, Research Division 800 Kipling Avenue Toronto, Ontario, Canada M8Z 5S4 ABSTRACT. Stripping tritium from carrier streams is a fundamental operation of tritium handling. Tritide formers in this application offer the advantage of facile tritium recovery. This paper reviews the equations governing tritium scavenging. Two specific tritide formers, uranium for tritium recovery within process loops and a zirconium-iron alloy for recovery from streams destined to the environment, are discussed in detail.