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By B. Simpson and F. H. T. Rhodes (Auth.)
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Extra resources for Geological Maps
Example text
53B the base of the oolitic limestone oversteps the shale and the sandstone. Its dip and strike are established by joining points 2*2; 3-3; 4-4, thus marking the strike lines bb\ cc\ aa at 900 ft, 800 ft and 700 ft on the base of the oolitic limestone: the dip of this surface, as a gradient, is 1 in 30 and the strike N26°W. 51 0 s b DOLE RITE - - / - I BASALT 500 1000 SHALE SANDY SHALE ΠΖ CHALK ^ j j SANDSTONE COARSE SANDSTONE ':°'&>-£\ CONGLOMERATE FIG. 52 55 2000 FT. 0 SANDSTONE MARL FLAGSTONE SHALE MUDSTONE FINE SANDSTONE T R I A S C A R B O N I F E R O U S 500 1000 2000 FEET.
Join d'-g'. (b) Measure the horizontal distance d'-g' which equals 1131 ft. (c) Draw d'd" in the direction of dip to intersect the strike line through g' at d". (d) The direction d'g' is a direction of apparent dip: measure the angle between this and the direction of true dip: this angle is 27°. Now the throw of the fault may be calculated as follows: T h e throw of the fault between d! and g' = d'd' X tan of true dip along d'd" =\ in 2 = 1000 ft X 0 - 5 - 5 0 0 ft. T h e throw of the fault is, therefore, 500 ft upthrow to the west of the fault.
D E T E R M I N E T H E DIP A N D STRIKE OF THE BEDS NOTING THE D I F F E R E N T DIPS OF THE T W O L I M B S OF T H E FOLD. FIG. 25 28 FEET PART 4 FAULTS Faults are breaks in rock masses producing an observable displacement on either side of the surface of fracture. The surface along which the movement takes place is referred to as the fault plane; such surfaces are, however, usually curved and irregular and the movement affects a zone rather than a single surface. Tensional, compressional and torsional forces operate in the formation of faults and much may be learned of the nature of the forces responsible for the breaks from the patterns made by faults and their associated fractures.