Download Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Petrophysical and Logging by K.-J. Dunn PDF
By K.-J. Dunn
The purposes of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to petroleum exploration and construction became a growing number of very important lately. the advance of the NMR logging know-how and the NMR purposes to middle research and formation evaluate were very quick and extensive.
The scope of this e-book covers a variety of NMR similar petrophysical measurements on cores together with short descriptions of contemporary purposes of Magic perspective Spinning (MAS) NMR and the fundamentals of NMR imaging of cores. within the dialogue of NMR logging purposes numerous schemes of utilizing NMR logs to procure valuable details for formation overview are defined, equivalent to irreducible water saturation selection, hydrocarbon typing, oil viscosity estimation, and permeability prediction. the foundations of those functions are mentioned utilizing schematic diagrams for illustration.
A targeted point of the booklet is that it offers an in depth account of the elemental rules of spin diffusion and leisure in porous media. one other vital sector that's coated is the inversion of NMR info right into a distribution of amplitudes linked to rest time which gives the fundamental details had to interpret the NMR measurements acquired from logging.
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Extra resources for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Petrophysical and Logging Applications
Example text
36) which is the CPMG spin echo train. 2 Pulsed field gradient spin echo Based on Eq. 15), one should be able to measure the magnetization decay as a function of varying T or varying field gradient V H to obtain the self diffusion coefficient D of the fluid. However, there are experimental limitations in the ordinary spin-echo experiment, which requires the magnetic field gradient to be present all the times. Stejskal and Tanner [205] came up with a pulsed field gradient spin echo technique which provides a better control of the experimental parameters and a more clearly defined diffusion time.
Because hydrogen nucleus possesses angular momentum, it instead acts like a gyropscope and precesses about the external field H . The equation of motion for this precession is found by equating the torque with the rate of change of angular momentum J for the nucleus dJ -=pxH. dt Since /I = rJ, we get d,u = p x (rH). dt CHAPTER 2. 1: A spin of magnetic moment p is precessing about the applied magnetic field H (along z-axis) with a Larmor frequency f = w/27r = yH/27r. This equation tells us that at any instant the changes in p are perpendicular to both p and H.
3. Note that the NMR and combustion methods coincide only for the two oils with the lowest viscosity and density. The HI estimates are plotted versus viscosity because in certain well logging situations it is possible to estimate oil viscosity from the difference between NMR and density porosity determinations.