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By Anthony M. Evans
A lot new information and plenty of new principles have emerged within the region of ore geology and commercial minerals in view that e-book of the second one variation of this article in 1987. The overriding philosophy at the back of this re-creation is the inclusion and integration of this new fabric in the tested framework of the textual content. The 3rd variation is re-presented within the sleek double-column layout. Non-metallic deposits of commercial and bulk fabrics are absolutely coated to fulfill the altering emphasis of classes in utilized geology. moreover, bankruptcy 1 has been significantly enlarged to incorporate a piece on mineral economics overlaying metals, commercial minerals and bulk fabrics. during this part, many of the points of monetary exploitation of commercial and bulk fabrics are in comparison with these of metal deposits. different significant revisions and additions comprise a bit on fluid inclusions, growth of the part on wall rock alteration, growth of the cloth on isotope stories, and the inclusion of a bit on hydraulic fracturing and seismic pumping.
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Additional info for Ore Geology and Industrial Minerals: An Introduction (Geoscience Texts)
Sample text
This enormous deposit of base metals has remained unworked since its discovery in 1956 because of the ultra-fine grain size and despite years of mineral processing research on the 'are'. The basic elements of a lead-zinc mineral processing plant are shown in Fig. 14. As mentioned above, the grain size distribution is critical in the use of a number of different industrial rocks and minerals. Aggregate in concrete is used in specified size ranges, depending on the end use. Each different mineral filler application (paper, rubber, plastics) requires different carefully specified, otten narrow, ranges.
It might be thought that if one were to grind ores to a sufficiently fine grain size then complete separation of mineral phases might occur and make 100% recovery possible. With present technology this is not the case, as most mineral processing techniques fail in the ultra-fine size range. Small mineral grains and grains finely intergrown with other minerals are difficult or impossible to recover in the processing plant, and recovery may be poor. Recoveries from primary (bedrock) tin deposits are traditionally poor, ranging over 40-80% with an average around 65%, whereas recoveries from copper ores usually lie in the range 80-90%.
Similar deposits are very important in China where they make up nearly 21 % of that country's total stratiform copper reserves (Chen 1988). Copper is not the only base metal that occurs in such deposits. Similar lead ores are known in Germany and silver deposits in Utah. Another important class of pore-filling deposits are the uranium-vanadium deposits of Colorado Plateau or Wcstern States-type, which occur mainly in sandstones of continental origin but also in some siltstones and conglomerates.