Download Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals by Dr. Friedrich Lippmann (auth.) PDF
By Dr. Friedrich Lippmann (auth.)
and their id obviates person thermochemical reports on each genus. the soundness kin between sedimentary carbonate minerals at the moment are roughly renowned. the typical rock-forming minerals cal cite and dolomite are certainly good levels within the pertinent platforms. so much different carbonate minerals of comparable composition that are identified to happen within the more youthful sediments are metastable with admire to calcite, dolomite, and magnesite. this means that the sedimentation of carbon ates is set merely partly by way of balance family members. Kinetic components, which enable the formation of metastable minerals, seem to be extra very important. even if the diagenetic alterations resulting in reliable minerals happen through advantage of thermodynamic specifications, the reac tions themselves are caused through kinetic components in addition. a number of the reactions major from metastable to solid carbonate assemblages are at risk of simulation within the laboratory; others (e. g. dolomitization) seem to be so gradual that they are often studied purely in analogous structures characterised by way of moderate response charges. In all makes an attempt to give an explanation for the prospective mechanisms of such reactions, we needs to give some thought to the crystal buildings of the ultimate items in addition to of the beginning fabrics. this is often one other standpoint from which mineralogy is critical to carbonate petrology, if we regard the crystal chemistry of minerals as part of mineralogy. a definite parallelism with clay mineralogy indicates itself.
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Example text
This is what one would expect when the cation sites of the calcite structure are partially occupied by magnesium instead of calcium, given the fact that the lattice dimensions of dolomite and magnesite are smaller than those of calcite. Correlations of chemically determined magnesium contents and measured X-ray spacings have shown that the lattice dimensions of magnesian calcites vary with the molecular percentage of magnesium in an essentially linear fashion and thus follow VEGARD'S rule. The relation between composition and the hexagonal a and c dimensions is illustrated in Figs.
The rotation of the C0 3 is of smaller extent than in Fig. 11, but it may be noted that the break in a given lattice row is greater than there. Therefore, this type of pressure twinning does not occur in calcite where the stable configuration is attained at smaller displacements parallel to the twin boundary. - Figs. 11 and 12 are from BRADLEY, BURST and GRAF (1953) (reprinted with permission from The American Mineralogist) whose paper may be consulted for more details the presence of two different cations segregated in alternating layers.
The role of huntite is thus not limited to being an alteration product. According to KINSMAN it may be regarded as a precursor of dolomite and so is of more general petrological importance. Table 10. 642 . 67 2 So far, huntite has been found exclusively as polycristalline masses of submicroscopic grain size. In the absence of suitable single crystals, GRAF and BRADLEY (1962) have analyzed the structure on the basis of the X-ray powder pattern. = 102° 56'. 821 A. Chex is about halved with regard to the Chex values known for the simple rhombohedral carbonates, and ahex is doubled.