Download High Energy Materials by Agrawal J.P. PDF
By Agrawal J.P.
Propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics - or excessive strength fabrics (HEMs) to take advantage of an umbrella time period - have noticeable purposes within the army quarter, yet is also utilized in numerous methods in civilian parts comparable to mining, development or spacecraft engineering. the invention of recent explosives within the Nineteen Eighties boosted examine and improvement and cleared the path for a scientific, practical synthesis of excessive power materials.This instruction manual and prepared reference covers all vital HEMs from the Nineteen Fifties to the current with their respective houses and meant purposes. Written at an possible point for pros, engineers and technicians alike, the ebook offers a finished evaluate of the present prestige of HEMs and indicates extra instructions for learn and development.An introductory bankruptcy at the chemical and thermodynamic fundamentals permits the reader to turn into conversant in the elemental gains of explosives, ahead of relocating directly to the real safeguard features in processing, dealing with, transportation and garage of excessive power materials.With its collation of effects and formula suggestions hitherto scattered through the literature, this precise instruction manual could be at the bookshelf of each HEM researcher and developer.Praise from the reviews:"… this booklet will end up to be a goldmine for researchers operating during this region. The eminent writer, Dr. Jai Prakash Agrawal merits kudos and appreciation from the whole HEMs neighborhood for his necessary contribution to the realm of explosive's literature." –Institute of lively Materials“This ebook is a wonderful evaluate of the sector of lively fabrics, good established by way of fabrics and applications." –Chemistry World"The paintings is obviously and properly divided into six chapters, and leads the reader via nearly each element of high-energy fabrics. it truly is written in a manner that also is comprehensible for readers except chemists." –Angewandte Chemie„… a good technical list of current-state-of-the-arts within the zone of excessive Engergy fabrics (HEMs)…“ –Dr. A. Subhanando Rao
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Extra resources for High Energy Materials
Sample text
Acids, alkalis, organic bases and strong oxidizing or reducing agents are generally incompatible with high explosives. As a rule, it is not advisable to allow high explosives to come into contact with substances of an alkaline nature. The vacuum stability test (VST) is considered the most acceptable test for measuring stability and compatibility of explosives, worldwide. This is an empirical test in which rate of gas evolution is measured under isothermal conditions and a limit of 01 cm3 of gas per gram of an explosive is set for explosives heated at 120 °C (150 °C for RDX) for 40 h (25 h for PETN).
3) An explosive is a substance or device which produces, upon release of its potential energy, a sudden outburst of gases thereby exerting high pressure on its surroundings. Thus there are two important aspects of a chemical reaction which results in an explosion. 1 Evolution of Heat The generation of heat in large quantities accompanies every explosive chemical reaction. It is this rapid liberation of heat that causes the gaseous products of reaction to expand and generate high pressures. This rapid generation of high pressures of released gases constitutes explosion.
And t > t1 > t2 > t3 > t4 . . . . . . . 5): DE = A . 57 ) . 5) = explosion delay, = activation energy, = absolute temperature of the bath = log10A (a constant). 6) Explosives must be handled with care because an impact, friction, shock, spark or application of heat to an explosive may bring about explosion. The information on sensitivity to these stimuli is considered very valuable as it gives assurance about safety in manufacture, handling, transportation and storage. Also, sensitivity is an important consideration in selecting an explosive for a particular application.