Download Measurement and Instrumentation Principles, Third Edition by Alan S Morris PDF
By Alan S Morris
'Measurement and Instrumentation ideas' is the most recent version of a winning ebook that introduces undergraduate scholars to the size ideas and the variety of sensors and tools which are used for measuring actual variables. thoroughly up to date to incorporate new applied sciences similar to clever sensors, screens and interfaces, the third variation additionally comprises lots of labored examples and self-assessment questions (and solutions). additionally, a brand new bankruptcy on issues of safety makes a speciality of the criminal framework, electric protection and failsafe designs, and the writer has additionally targeting RF and optical instant communications. totally updated and comprehensively written, this textbook is key for all engineering undergraduates, specifically these within the first years in their direction. thoroughly updatedIncludes new applied sciences akin to clever sensors and monitors
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Extra resources for Measurement and Instrumentation Principles, Third Edition
Sample text
If a large number of readings are taken of the same quantity by a high precision instrument, then the spread of readings will be very small. Precision is often, though incorrectly, confused with accuracy. High precision does not imply anything about measurement accuracy. A high precision instrument may have a low accuracy. Low accuracy measurements from a high precision instrument are normally caused by a bias in the measurements, which is removable by recalibration. The terms repeatability and reproducibility mean approximately the same but are applied in different contexts as given below.
When an unknown voltage is applied to the coil, the magnetic field due to the current interacts with the fixed field and causes the coil (and a pointer attached to the coil) to turn. If the coil resistance Rcoil is sensitive to temperature, then any environmental input to the system in the form of a temperature change will alter the value of the coil current for a given applied voltage and so alter the pointer output reading. Compensation for this is made by introducing a compensating resistance Rcomp into the circuit, where Rcomp has a temperature coefficient that is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to that of the coil.
In other cases, systematic errors are introduced either by the effect of environmental disturbances or through the disturbance of the measured system by the act of measurement. These various sources of systematic error, and ways in which the magnitude of the errors can be reduced, are discussed below. 1 System disturbance due to measurement Disturbance of the measured system by the act of measurement is a common source of systematic error. If we were to start with a beaker of hot water and wished to measure its temperature with a mercury-in-glass thermometer, then we would take the 34 Errors during the measurement process thermometer, which would initially be at room temperature, and plunge it into the water.