Download Studies with a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber: by Michael Schenk PDF
By Michael Schenk
Michael Schenk evaluates new applied sciences and strategies, equivalent to cryogenic read-out electronics and a UV laser process, constructed to optimise the functionality of enormous liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPC). among others, the writer reviews the uniformity of the electrical box produced by way of a Greinacher high-voltage generator working at cryogenic temperatures, measures the linear power move (LET) of muons and the longitudinal diffusion coefficient of electrons in liquid argon. the consequences are got via analysing occasions precipitated via cosmic-ray muons and UV laser beams. The experiences are conducted with ARGONTUBE, a prototype LArTPC in operation on the collage of Bern, Switzerland, designed to enquire the feasibility of float distances of as much as 5 metres for electrons in liquid argon.
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Extra info for Studies with a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber: Addressing Technological Challenges of Large-Scale Detectors
Sample text
RGAs are sensitive devices and must be operated at pressures of the order of 10−7 mbar or lower. A leak valve allows fine regulation of the gas flux into the mass spectrometer volume which is continuously evacuated by a turbomolecular pump (not shown in the schematic) to maintain the high vacuum. After a number of first tests and measurements with the RGA, the regeneration system was extended by an additional gas monitoring device, called a dewpoint meter (Shaw Grey Spot sensor and Superdew 3)5 , able to measure the amount of moisture to ppmV precision, and with a sensitivity of 1 ppmV [81].
Typical examples of contaminants of that kind present in LArTPCs are oxygen O2 , water H2 O or carbon dioxide CO2 . The attachment of electrons to atoms and molecules happens in various ways [19]. One possibility is radiative attachment, where a neutral atom or molecule binds an electron to form a negative ion under the emission of a photon. Due to its low cross-section, this process is negligible in liquid argon [19]. A second way how quasifree electrons can be temporarily bound is dissociative attachment.
Different gas supplies are shown on the left. Heat is provided by a heatband which is controlled by a two-point regulator. Flux, pressure and moisture content are monitored during the procedure. The vacuum pump station shown on the bottom right makes the evacuation of the system possible. order for the reduction process to take place (see Eq. 2). 1 %vol. in dry air at standard conditions mark the lower limit for flammability and a spark of relatively low energy may already ignite this kind of gas mixture [79].