Download Surface Chemistry Essentials by K. S. Birdi PDF
By K. S. Birdi
Floor chemistry performs an enormous position in daily life, because the foundation for plenty of phenomena in addition to technological functions. universal examples diversity from cleaning soap bubbles, foam, and raindrops to cosmetics, paint, adhesives, and prescribed drugs. extra components that depend on floor chemistry comprise smooth nanotechnology, scientific diagnostics, and drug supply. there's broad literature in this topic, yet most Read more...
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Extra info for Surface Chemistry Essentials
Sample text
In many cases, specific instruments that allow for measuring the magnitude of surface tension under the given situation have been developed. Some of the common methods used will be described in this section. 1 Shape and Weight of Liquid Drops The formation of liquid drops when flow occurs through thin tubes is a common daily phenomenon. In some cases, such as eyedrop application, the size of drop plays a significant role in the application and dosage of medicine (such as eyedrop solutions). 16.
Another interesting observation is that in some natural phenomena, colors are produced by simply structures made similar to the bubble, that is, thickness (of lipid-like molecules) varies in the range of wavelength of light. This is, for instance, the case in the colors observed in peacock feathers (and many other colored objects in nature and otherwise). Thicker films (thickness is mainly due to the water) reflect red light and one observes blue-green colors. Lesser thin films cancel out the yellow wavelength and blue color is observed.
Surface tension, γ, is the differential change of free energy with a change of surface area at a constant temperature, pressure, and composition. Another example to describe surface energy may be considered. Let us imagine that a liquid fills a container that is the shape of a funnel. If the liquid in the funnel is moved upward then there will be an increase in surface area. This requires that some molecules from bulk phase have to move into the surface area and create extra surface As. The work required to do so will be (force times area) γ AS.